Electronics II (7 Labs)

Analog, diodes, BJT, op-amp

Outcome: Built & verified rectifier, clipper, BJT single/cascade, and op-amp labs against specs. · Skills: LTspice/Proteus, biasing & small-signal, gain/bandwidth, measurement planning

Electrical Measurements (7 Labs)

Metrology & AC/DC measurement techniques

Outcome: Verified instrument class; measured R, Z, and single/three-phase power using VA, comparison/substitution, Wheatstone, 3A/3V, wattmeter & Aron; quantified uncertainty. · Skills: Calibration, Type A/B uncertainty, bridge balancing, phasors & PF, wattmeter wiring, data analysis (Python), clear lab reporting

Traffic Lights FSM (Proteus)

Moore FSM + timing divider

Outcome: Working, debounced state machine with deterministic phase timing. · Skills: FSM design, timing division, simulation, test cases

Rankine Cycle Studies

Superheat vs no superheat; ideal vs real

Outcome: Compared η_th and specific work across pressure/temperature/superheat cases. · Skills: Cycle modeling, property tables, η_th gap (ideal vs real), plots

Otto / Diesel / Dual

η_th vs compression ratio

Outcome: Quantified efficiency impact of r, γ, and heat-addition model (Otto/Diesel/Dual). · Skills: Thermo cycles, parametric sweeps, result interpretation